feat(langgraph): add support for standard schema in state definition

[dqbd]

Rethinking the current state of Zod in state definition, I think we can extend the Annotation function instead to accept Standard Schema objects.

Usage:

import { z } from "zod";
import { type } from "arktype";

const graph = new StateGraph(
  Annotation.Root({
    valid: z.boolean(),
    random: type("string"),
    complex: Annotation({
      state: z.string(),
      update: z.union([z.string(), z.array(z.string())]),
      reducer(state, update) {
        if (Array.isArray(update)) return [state, ...update].join(", ");
        return [state, update].join(", ");
      },
      default: () => "[default]",
    }),
  })
);

TODO:

• Perform actual validation of inputs using the standard schema
• Use runtime JSON schema generation for Zod
• Add tests for Arktype, Valibot et all.
• Consider renaming Annotation to channel
• Think about getting rid of Annotation.Root

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