bootstrap: add cluster_id to the mysql.tidb table

[YangKeao]

What problem does this PR solve?

Issue Number: close #59476

Problem Summary:

We need a mechanism to detect whether two TiDB servers are in the same tidb cluster. Adding the cluster_id to the mysql.tidb table is the most sutiable way. I've also considered other options in #59476 .

What changed and how does it work?

Add the cluster_id row to the mysql.tidb table.

Check List

Tests

• Unit test
• Integration test
• Manual test (add detailed scripts or steps below)
• No need to test

  • I checked and no code files have been changed.

Side effects

• Performance regression: Consumes more CPU
• Performance regression: Consumes more Memory
• Breaking backward compatibility

Documentation

• Affects user behaviors
• Contains syntax changes
• Contains variable changes
• Contains experimental features
• Changes MySQL compatibility

Release note

Please refer to Release Notes Language Style Guide to write a quality release note.

Insert the `cluster_id` to the `mysql.tidb` table.

[YangKeao]

/cc @benmeadowcroft

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[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 85.00000% with 3 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 74.8387%. Comparing base (397b0f2) to head (43a9ed8).
Report is 14 commits behind head on master.

Additional details and impacted files

@@               Coverage Diff                @@
##             master     #59511        +/-   ##
================================================
+ Coverage   73.0599%   74.8387%   +1.7788%     
================================================
  Files          1690       1740        +50     
  Lines        467367     479651     +12284     
================================================
+ Hits         341458     358965     +17507     
+ Misses       104902      98239      -6663     
- Partials      21007      22447      +1440     

Flag	Coverage Δ
integration	48.9721% <75.0000%> (?)
unit	72.3793% <85.0000%> (+0.1426%)	⬆️

Flags with carried forward coverage won't be shown. Click here to find out more.

Components	Coverage Δ
dumpling	52.6910% <ø> (ø)
parser	∅ <ø> (∅)
br	59.3700% <ø> (+13.5841%)	⬆️

[Defined2014]

Please fix the UT

[ti-chi-bot]

[LGTM Timeline notifier]

Timeline:

• 2025-02-13 07:06:56.339948129 +0000 UTC m=+513058.736170186: ☑️ agreed by Defined2014.
• 2025-02-13 07:08:55.598991631 +0000 UTC m=+513177.995213692: ☑️ agreed by lance6716.

[ti-chi-bot]

[APPROVALNOTIFIER] This PR is APPROVED

This pull-request has been approved by: Defined2014, lance6716, Leavrth, yudongusa

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• pkg/ddl/OWNERS [lance6716]
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