ddl: fix job state overridden when concurrent updates don't overlap in time range (#58495)

[ti-chi-bot]

This is an automated cherry-pick of #58495

What problem does this PR solve?

Issue Number: close #52747

Problem Summary:

What changed and how does it work?

Check List

Tests

• Unit test
• Integration test
• Manual test (add detailed scripts or steps below)
• No need to test

  • I checked and no code files have been changed.

Side effects

• Performance regression: Consumes more CPU
• Performance regression: Consumes more Memory
• Breaking backward compatibility

Documentation

• Affects user behaviors
• Contains syntax changes
• Contains variable changes
• Contains experimental features
• Changes MySQL compatibility

Release note

Please refer to Release Notes Language Style Guide to write a quality release note.

None

[ti-chi-bot]

@D3Hunter This PR has conflicts, I have hold it.
Please resolve them or ask others to resolve them, then comment /unhold to remove the hold label.

[Benjamin2037]

LGTM

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 92.85714% with 3 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Please upload report for BASE (release-7.5@263e7b7). Learn more about missing BASE report.

Additional details and impacted files

@@               Coverage Diff                @@
##             release-7.5     #59728   +/-   ##
================================================
  Coverage               ?   72.2384%           
================================================
  Files                  ?       1417           
  Lines                  ?     414462           
  Branches               ?          0           
================================================
  Hits                   ?     299401           
  Misses                 ?      95066           
  Partials               ?      19995           

Flag	Coverage Δ
unit	72.2384% <92.8571%> (?)

Flags with carried forward coverage won't be shown. Click here to find out more.

Components	Coverage Δ
dumpling	52.9400% <0.0000%> (?)
parser	∅ <0.0000%> (?)
br	53.5862% <0.0000%> (?)

[ti-chi-bot]

[APPROVALNOTIFIER] This PR is APPROVED

This pull-request has been approved by: Benjamin2037, D3Hunter

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Needs approval from an approver in each of these files:

• pkg/ddl/OWNERS [Benjamin2037]
• pkg/parser/OWNERS [D3Hunter]

Approvers can indicate their approval by writing /approve in a comment
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[ti-chi-bot]

[LGTM Timeline notifier]

Timeline:

• 2025-02-27 08:53:07.239076298 +0000 UTC m=+518735.192234564: ☑️ agreed by Benjamin2037.
• 2025-02-28 06:28:04.887449437 +0000 UTC m=+596432.840607703: ☑️ agreed by D3Hunter.

[fzzf678]

/unhold