planner: handle panic when loading bindings at startup (#58017)

[ti-chi-bot]

This is an automated cherry-pick of #58017

What problem does this PR solve?

Issue Number: close #58016

Problem Summary: planner: handle panic when loading bindings at startup

What changed and how does it work?

planner: handle panic when loading bindings at startup

Check List

Tests

• Unit test
• Integration test
• Manual test (add detailed scripts or steps below)
• No need to test

  • I checked and no code files have been changed.

Side effects

• Performance regression: Consumes more CPU
• Performance regression: Consumes more Memory
• Breaking backward compatibility

Documentation

• Affects user behaviors
• Contains syntax changes
• Contains variable changes
• Contains experimental features
• Changes MySQL compatibility

Release note

Please refer to Release Notes Language Style Guide to write a quality release note.

None

[ti-chi-bot]

This cherry pick PR is for a release branch and has not yet been approved by triage owners.
Adding the do-not-merge/cherry-pick-not-approved label.

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[ti-chi-bot]

[APPROVALNOTIFIER] This PR is NOT APPROVED

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[ti-chi-bot]

@ti-chi-bot: The following test failed, say /retest to rerun all failed tests or /retest-required to rerun all mandatory failed tests:

Test name	Commit	Details	Required	Rerun command
idc-jenkins-ci-tidb/check_dev_2	9754446	link	true	/test check-dev2

Full PR test history. Your PR dashboard.

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[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 40.00000% with 3 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Please upload report for BASE (release-8.1@0e39d0d). Learn more about missing BASE report.

Additional details and impacted files

@@               Coverage Diff                @@
##             release-8.1     #58170   +/-   ##
================================================
  Coverage               ?   71.1985%           
================================================
  Files                  ?       1467           
  Lines                  ?     423506           
  Branches               ?          0           
================================================
  Hits                   ?     301530           
  Misses                 ?     101464           
  Partials               ?      20512           

Flag	Coverage Δ
unit	71.1985% <40.0000%> (?)

Flags with carried forward coverage won't be shown. Click here to find out more.

Components	Coverage Δ
dumpling	52.9656% <0.0000%> (?)
parser	∅ <0.0000%> (?)
br	41.3016% <0.0000%> (?)